Posts Tagged ‘Environ Health Perspect’

The Effect of Supplementation with Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Markers of Oxidative Stress in Elderly Exposed to PM2.5

Tuesday, February 3rd, 2009

http://www.ehponline.org/docs/2008/10578/abstract.html

Environmental Health Perspectives Volume 116, Number 9, September 2008

Research

The Effect of Supplementation with Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Markers of Oxidative Stress in Elderly Exposed to PM2.5

Isabelle Romieu,1 Raquel Garcia-Esteban,2 Jordi Sunyer,2 Camilo Rios,3 Mireya Alcaraz-Zubeldia,3 Silvia Ruiz Velasco,4 and Fernando Holguin5

1Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México; 2Instituto Municipal de Investigaciones Médicas and Centre de Recerca en Epidemiologia Ambiental, Barcelona, Spain; 3Instituto Nacional de Neurología, México DF, México; 4Instituto de Investigaciones en Matemáticas Aplicadas y en Sistemas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México DF, México; 5Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA

Abstract
Background: The mechanisms of particulate matter (PM) -induced health effects are believed to involve inflammation and oxidative stress. Increased intake of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) appears to have anti-inflammatory effects.

Objective: As part of a trial to evaluate whether n-3 PUFA supplementation could protect against the cardiac alterations linked to PM exposure, we measured biomarkers of response to oxidative stimuli [copper/zinc (Cu/Zn) superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, lipoperoxidation (LPO) products, and reduced glutathione (GSH) ] and evaluated the impact of supplementation on plasma levels.

Methods: We recruited residents from a nursing home in Mexico City chronically exposed to PM 2.5 µm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) and followed them from 26 September 2001 to 10 April 2002. We randomly assigned subjects in a double-blind fashion to receive either fish oil (n-3 PUFA) or soy oil. We measured PM2.5 levels indoors at the nursing home, and measured Cu/Zn SOD activity, LPO products, and GSH at different times during presupplementation and supplementation phases.

Results: Supplementation with either fish or soy oil was related to an increase of Cu/Zn SOD activity and an increase in GSH plasma levels, whereas exposure to indoor PM2.5 levels was related to a decrease in Cu/Zn SOD activity and GSH plasma levels.

Conclusion: Supplementation with n-3 PUFA appeared to modulate the adverse effects of PM2.5 on these biomarkers, particularly in the fish oil group. Supplementation with n-3 PUFA could modulate oxidative response to PM2.5 exposure.

Key words: biological markers, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) , oxidative stress, PM 2.5. Environ Health Perspect 116:1237–1242 (2008) . doi:10.1289/ehp.10578 available via http://dx.doi.org/ [Online 16 May 2008]

Address correspondence to I. Romieu, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad #655, Col. Santa Maria Ahuacatitlán, CP 62508, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México. Telephone: 52-777-101-29-35. Fax: 52-777-311-11-48. E-mail: iromieu@correo.insp.mx

Supplemental Material is available online at http://www.ehponline.org/members/2008/10578/suppl.pdf

We thank R. Nadif (INSERM U780, Villejuif, France) and P. Sly (University of Western Australia, Perth) , for their useful comments.

This work was supported by research grant 34483-M from the Mexican Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología and by the Mexican Ministry of Health. I.R. was supported in part by the U.S. National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Atlanta, GA, USA) ; the GA2LEN project (European Union contract FOODCT-2004-506378) ; and the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (SAB2004-0192) .

The authors declare they have no competing financial interests.

Received 20 June 2007 ; accepted 13 May 2008.

Correction

In Table 2 of the manuscript originally published online, the intercept for LPO was 34.54 ; it has been corrected here.

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Association of environmental toxicants and conduct disorder in U.S. children: NHANES 2001-2004.

Tuesday, February 3rd, 2009

Environ Health Perspect. 2008 Jul;116(7):956-62. Links

Association of environmental toxicants and conduct disorder in U.S. children: NHANES 2001-2004.
Braun JM, Froehlich TE, Daniels JL, Dietrich KN, Hornung R, Auinger P, Lanphear BP.

Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7435, USA. jmbraun@unc.edu

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the association of tobacco smoke and environmental lead exposure with conduct disorder (CD). METHODS: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001-2004 is a nationally representative cross-sectional sample of the noninstitutionalized U.S. population. We examined the association of prenatal tobacco, postnatal tobacco, and environmental lead exposure with CD in children 8-15 years of age (n = 3,081). We measured prenatal tobacco exposure by parent report of cigarette use during pregnancy, and postnatal tobacco using serum cotinine levels. We assessed lead exposure using current blood lead concentration. Parents completed the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children to determine whether their children met criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV ) for CD. RESULTS: Overall, 2.06% of children met DSM-IV criteria for CD in the past year, equivalent to 560,000 U.S. children 8-15 years of age. After adjustment, prenatal tobacco exposure was associated with increased odds for CD [odds ratio (OR) = 3.00; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.36-6.63]. Increased blood lead levels (fourth vs. first quartile) and serum cotinine levels (fifth vs. first quintile) were associated with an 8.64-fold (95% CI, 1.87-40.04) and 9.15-fold (95% CI, 1.47-6.90) increased odds of meeting DSM-IV CD criteria. Increasing serum cotinine levels and blood lead levels were also associated with increased prevalence of CD symptoms (symptom count ratio, lead: 1.73; 95% CI, 1.23-2.43; symptom count ratio, cotinine: 1.97; 95% CI, 1.15-3.40). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that prenatal tobacco exposure and environmental lead exposure contribute substantially to CD in U.S. children.

PMID: 18629321 [PubMed - in process]

PMCID: PMC2453167

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Prenatal Phenol and Phthalate Exposures and Birth Outcomes

Tuesday, February 3rd, 2009

Prenatal Phenol and Phthalate Exposures and Birth Outcomes

Mary S. Wolff,1 Stephanie M. Engel,1 Gertrud S. Berkowitz,1 Xiaoyun Ye,2 Manori J. Silva,2 Chenbo Zhu,1 James Wetmur,3 and Antonia M. Calafat2

1Department of Community and Preventive Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA; 2National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; 3Department of Microbiology and Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA

Abstract
Background: Many phthalates and phenols are hormonally active and are suspected to alter the course of development.

Objective: We investigated prenatal exposures to phthalate and phenol metabolites and their associations with body size measures of the infants at birth.

Methods: We measured 5 phenol and 10 phthalate urinary metabolites in a multiethnic cohort of 404 women in New York City during their third trimester of pregnancy and recorded size of infants at birth.

Results: Median urinary concentrations were > 10 µg/L for 2 of 5 phenols and 6 of 10 phthalate monoester metabolites. Concentrations of low-molecular-weight phthalate monoesters (low-MWP) were approximately 5-fold greater than those of high-molecular-weight metabolites. Low-MWP metabolites had a positive association with gestational age [0.97 day gestational age per ln-biomarker ; 95% confidence interval (CI) , 0.07–1.9 days, multivariate adjusted] and with head circumference. Higher prenatal exposures to 2,5-dichlorophenol (2,5-DCP) predicted lower birth weight in boys (–210 g average birth weight difference between the third tertile and first tertile of 2,5-DCP ; 95% CI, 71–348 g) . Higher maternal benzophenone-3 (BP3) concentrations were associated with a similar decrease in birth weight among girls but with greater birth weight in boys.

Conclusions: We observed a range of phthalate and phenol exposures during pregnancy in our population, but few were associated with birth size. The association of 2,5-DCP and BP3 with reduced or increased birth weight could be important in very early or small-size births. In addition, positive associations of urinary metabolites with some outcomes may be attributable partly to unresolved confounding with maternal anthropometric factors.

Key words: 2 , 5-DCP, birth length, birth weight, BMI , creatinine, phenols, phthalates, pregnancy, urinary biomarker. Environ Health Perspect 116:1092–1097 (2008) . doi:10.1289/ehp.11007 available via http://dx.doi.org/ [Online 20 March 2008]

Full study free at http://www.ehponline.org/members/2008/11007/11007.html

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